Units Converter Formulas

  Source Data


This service uses conversion factors referenced from source material from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in all possible cases. The main source document is provided for your reference.

Guide for the Use of the International System of Units (SI)
NIST Special Publication 811

Link to NIST site

Download PDF

Conversion Formula


The Units Converter uses the following mathematical equation.

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original unit to common unit


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Conversion Factors


The Units Converter uses the following conversion factors.


Acceleration
Acceleration conversions to meters per second squared (m/s²).
From Unit

To Unit

Multiply By
centimeters per second squared (cm/s²)

(m/s²)

1.000 000 E-02
feet per second squared (ft/s²)

(m/s²)

3.048 000 E-01
g's (gravity)

(m/s²)

9.806 650 E+00
inches per second squared (in/s²)

(m/s²)

2.540 000 E-02
meters per second squared (m/s²)

(m/s²)

1.000 000 E+00
 
Angle
Angle conversions to degrees (°).
From Unit

To Unit

Multiply By
degree (°)

(°)

1.000 000 E+00
grade (gr)

(°)

9.000 000 E-01
minute (min)

(°)

1.666 667 E-02
quadrant (quad)

(°)

9.000 000 E+01
radian (rad)

(°)

5.729 578 E+01
revolution (rev)

(°)

3.600 000 E+02
second (s)

(°)

2.777 778 E-04
 
Angular Acceleration
Angular acceleration conversions to radian per second squared (rad/s²).
From Unit

To Unit

Multiply By
radian per second squared (rad/s²)

(rad/s²)

1.000 000 E+00
revolution per minute second (rev/(min-sec))

(rad/s²)

1.047 198 E-01
revolution per minute squared (rev/min²)

(rad/s²)

1.745 329 E-03
revolution per second squared (rev/s²)

(rad/s²)

6.283 185 E+00
 
Angular Velocity
Angular velocity conversions to degrees per second (°/s).
From Unit

To Unit

Multiply By
degrees per hour (°/hr)

(°/s)

2.777 778 E-04
degrees per minute (°/min)

(°/s)

1.666 632 E-02
degrees per second (°/s)

(°/s)

1.000 000 E+00
radians per second (rad/s)

(°/s)

5.729 578 E+01
revolutions per hour (rev/hr, rph)

(°/s)

1.000 000 E-01
revolutions per minute (rev/min, rpm)

(°/s)

6.000 000 E+00
revolutions per second (rev/s, rps)

(°/s)

3.600 000 E+02
 
Area
Area conversions to square centimeters (cm²).
From Unit

To Unit

Multiply By
acre (a)

(cm²)

4.046 856 E+07
barn (b)

(cm²)

1.000 000 E-24
circular mil (c m)

(cm²)

5.067 075 E-06
darcy (d)

(cm²)

9.869 233 E-09
hectare (ha)

(cm²)

1.000 000 E+08
square centimeter (cm²)

(cm²)

1.000 000 E+00
square foot (ft²)

(cm²)

9.290 304 E+02
square inch (in²)

(cm²)

6.451 600 E+00
square kilometer (km²)

(cm²)

1.000 000 E+10
square meter

(cm²)

1.000 000 E+04
square mile (mi²)

(cm²)

2.589 988 E+10
square millimeter (mm²)

(cm²)

1.000 000 E-02
square yard (yd²)

(cm²)

8.361 274 E+03
 
Energy or Work
Energy or work conversions to joule (J).
From Units

To Unit

Multiply By
British thermal unit (international) (BTU int'l)

(J)

1.055 056 E+03
British thermal unit (mean) (BTU mean)

(J)

1.055 870 E+03
British thermal unit (thermodynamic) (BTU thermo)

(J)

1.054 350 E+03
calorie (international) (cal int'l)

(J)

4.186 800 E+00
calorie (mean) (cal mean)

(J)

4.190 200 E+00
calorie (thermodynamic) (cal thermo)

(J)

4.184 000 E+00
electron volt (eV)

(J)

1.602 190 E-19
erg (erg)

(J)

1.000 000 E-07
foot pound force (ft-lbf)

(J)

1.355 818 E+00
foot poundal (ft-pdl)

(J)

4.214 011 E-02
joule (J)

(J)

1.000 000 E+00
kilocalorie (international) (kcal int'l)

(J)

4.186 800 E+03
kilocalorie (mean) (kcal mean)

(J)

4.190 200 E+03
kilocalorie (thermodynamic) (kcal thermo)

(J)

4.184 000 E+03
kilogram calorie (international) (kg-cal int'l)

(J)

4.186 800 E+03
kilogram calorie (mean) (kg-cal mean)

(J)

4.190 200 E+03
kilogram calorie (thermodynamic) (kg-cal thermo)

(J)

4.184 000 E+03
kilowatt hour (kW-h)

(J)

3.600 000 E+06
therms (European)

(J)

1.055 060 E+08
therms (U.S.)

(J)

1.054 804 E+08
ton (nuclear equiv. TNT)

(J)

4.184 000 E+09
watt hour (W-h)

(J)

3.600 000 E+03
watt second (W-s)

(J)

1.000 000 E+00
 
Force
Force conversions to dyne (dyn).
From Units

To Unit

Multiply By
dyne (dyn)

(dyn)

1.000 000 E+00
joules per centimeter (J/cm)

(dyn)

1.000 000 E+07
joules per meter (J/m)

(dyn)

1.000 000 E+05
kilogram force (kgf)

(dyn)

9.806 650 E+05
kilopound (kip)

(dyn)

4.448 222 E+08
newton (N)

(dyn)

1.000 000 E+05
ounce force (ozf)

(dyn)

2.781 250 E+04
pound force (lbf)

(dyn)

4.448 222 E+05
poundal (pdl)

(dyn)

1.382 600 E+04
ton force (tonf)

(dyn)

8.896 443 E+08
 
Length
Length conversions to meters (m).
From Units

To Unit

Multiply By
angstrom (Å)

(m)

1.000 000 E-10
astronomical unit (au)

(m)

1.500 000 E+11
centimeter (cm)

(m)

1.000 000 E-02
chain

(m)

2.011 680 E+01
fathom (f)

(m)

1.828 804 E+00
fermi (fm)

(m)

1.000 000 E-15
foot (ft)

(m)

3.048 000 E-01
foot (U.S. survey)

(m)

3.048 006 E-01
inch (in)

(m)

2.540 000 E-02
kilometer (km)

(m)

1.000 000 E+03
light year (light yr)

(m)

9.460 550 E+15
meter (m)

(m)

1.000 000 E+00
microinch (µin)

(m)

2.540 000 E-08
micron

(m)

1.000 000 E-06
mile (int'l nautical) (nmi int'l)

(m)

1.852 000 E+03
mile (international) (mi int'l)

(m)

1.609 344 E+03
mile (U.S. nautical) (nmi U.S.)

(m)

1.852 000 E+03
mile (U.S. statute) (mi U.S)

(m)

1.609 347 E+03
millimeter (mm)

(m)

1.000 000 E-03
mil

(m)

2.540 000 E-05
parsec

(m)

3.085 678 E+16
pica (printer's) (p)

(m)

4.217 518 E-03
point (printer's) (pt)

(m)

3.514 598 E-04
rod (rd)

(m)

5.029 210 E+00
yard (yd)

(m)

9.144 000 E-01
 
Mass
Mass conversions to kilograms (kg).
From Units

To Unit

Multiply By
atomic mass unit (amu)

(kg)

1.660 540 E-27
carat (ct)

(kg)

2.000 000 E-04
grain

(kg)

6.479 891 E-05
gram (g)

(kg)

1.000 000 E-03
hundredweight (long) (cwt)

(kg)

5.080 235 E+01
hundredweight (short) (cwt)

(kg)

4.535 924 E+01
kilogram (kg)

(kg)

1.000 000 E+00
kilogram force seconds squared per meter (kgf-s²/m)

(kg)

9.806 650 E+00
milligram (mg)

(kg)

1.000 000 E-06
ounce (avoirdupois) (oz)

(kg)

2.834 952 E-02
ounce (troy or apothecary) (oz troy)

(kg)

3.110 348 E-02
pennyweight (pwt)

(kg)

1.555 170 E-03
pounds mass (avoirdupois) (lbm)

(kg)

4.535 924 E-01
pounds mass (troy or apothecary) (lbm troy)

(kg)

3.732 418 E-01
slug

(kg)

1.459 390 E+01
stone

(kg)

6.350 293 E+00
ton (assay) (t assay)

(kg)

2.916 670 E-02
ton (long, 2240 lb) (t long)

(kg)

1.016 047 E+03
ton (metric) (t metric)

(kg)

1.000 000 E+03
ton (short, 2000 lb) (t short)

(kg)

9.071 847 E+02
tonne

(kg)

1.000 000 E+03
 
Power
Power conversions to watts (W).
From Units

To Unit

Multiply By
British thermal units (int') per hour (BTU/hr int'l)

(W)

2.930 711 E-01
British thermal units (int') per second (BTU/s int'l)

(W)

1.055 056 E+03
British thermal units (thermo) per hour
(BTU/hr thermo)

(W)

2.928 751 E-01
British thermal units (thermo) per second
(BTU/s thermo)

(W)

1.054 350 E+03
calorie (thermo) per minute (cal/min thermo)

(W)

6.973 333 E-02
calorie (thermo) per second (cal/s thermo)

(W)

4.184 000 E+00
ergs per second (erg/s thermo)

(W)

1.000 000 E-07
foot pounds force per hour (ft-lbf/h)

(W)

3.766 161 E-04
foot pounds force per second (ft-lbf/s)

(W)

1.355 818 E+00
horsepower (550 ft-lb/s)

(W)

7.457 000 E+02
horsepower (hp boiler)

(W)

9.809 500 E+03
horsepower (hp electric)

(W)

7.460 000 E+02
horsepower (hp metric)

(W)

7.354 990 E+02
horsepower (hp water)

(W)

7.460 430 E+02
kilocalories per minute (kcal/min therm)

(W)

6.973 333 E+01
kilocalories per minute (kcal/s therm)

(W)

4.184 000 E+03
ton (refrigeration)

(W)

3.517 000 E+03
watt (W)

(W)

1.000 000 E+00
 
Pressure
Pressure conversions to pascals (Pa).
From Units

To Unit

Multiply By
atmosphere (atm kgf/cm²)

(Pa)

9.806 650 E+04
standard atmosphere (atm std)

(Pa)

1.013 250 E+05
bar

(Pa)

1.000 000 E+05
centimeters of mercury (cm Hg 0°C)

(Pa)

1.333 220 E+03
centimeters of water (cm water 4°C)

(Pa)

9.806 380 E+01
dyne per square centimeter (dyne/cm²)

(Pa)

1.000 000 E-01
foot of water (ft water 39.2°F)

(Pa)

2.988 980 E+03
grams force per square centimeter (gf/cm²)

(Pa)

9.806 650 E+01
inches of mercury (in Hg 32°F)

(Pa)

3.386 380 E+03
inches of mercury (in Hg 60°F)

(Pa)

3.376 850 E+03
inches of water (in water 39.2°F)

(Pa)

2.490 820 E+02
inches of water (in water 60°F)

(Pa)

2.488 400 E+02
kilograms force per square centimeter (kgf/cm²)

(Pa)

9.806 650 E+04
kilograms force per square meter (kgf/m²)

(Pa)

9.806 650 E+00
kilograms force per square millimeter (kgf/mm²)

(Pa)

9.806 650 E+06
kilopascals (kPa)

(Pa)

1.000 000 E+03
kilopounds per square inch (kip/in²)

(Pa)

6.894 757 E+06
millibar (mbar)

(Pa)

1.000 000 E+02
millimeters of mercury (mm Hg 0°C)

(Pa)

1.333 224 E+02
Pascal (Pa)

(Pa)

1.000 000 E+00
poundals per square foot (poundal/ft²)

(Pa)

1.488 164 E+00
pounds per square foot (lbf/ft²)

(Pa)

4.788 026 E+01
pounds per square inch (lbf/in²)

(Pa)

6.894 757 E+03
pounds per square inch (psi)

(Pa)

6.894 757 E+03
torr (mm Hg 0°C)

(Pa)

1.333 224 E+02
 
Torque
Torque conversions to newton meters (N · m).
From Units

To Unit

Multiply By
dyne centimeter (dyne-cm)

(N · m)

1.000 000 E-07
kilogram force meter (kgf-m)

(N · m)

9.806 650 E+00
newton meter (N-m)

(N · m)

1.000 000 E+00
inch ounce (in-oz)

(N · m)

7.061 552 E-03
foot pound (ft-lbf)

(N · m)

1.355 818 E+00
inch pound (in-lbf)

(N · m)

1.129 848 E-01
 
Velocity
Velocity conversions to meters per second (m/s).
From Units

To Unit

Multiply By
centimeters per hour (cm/hr)

(m/s)

2.780 000 E-06
centimeters per minute (cm/min)

(m/s)

1.666 670 E-04
centimeters per second (cm/s)

(m/s)

1.000 000 E-02
feet per hour (ft/hr)

(m/s)

8.466 667 E-05
feet per minute (ft/min)

(m/s)

5.080 000 E-03
feet per second (ft/s, fps)

(m/s)

3.048 000 E-01
inches per second (in/s)

(m/s)

2.540 000 E-02
kilometers per hour (km/h)

(m/s)

2.777 778 E-01
kilometers per minute (km/min)

(m/s)

1.666 667 E+01
kilometers per second (km/s)

(m/s)

1.000 000 E+03
knot (knot int'l)

(m/s)

5.144 444 E-01
meters per hour (m/h)

(m/s)

2.777 780 E-04
meters per minute (m/min)

(m/s)

1.666 667 E-02
meters per second (m/s)

(m/s)

1.000 000 E+00
miles per hour (mi/h int'l)

(m/s)

4.470 400 E-01
miles per hour (mi/h U.S.)

(m/s)

4.470 408 E-01
miles per minute (mi/min int'l)

(m/s)

2.682 240 E+01
miles per minute (mi/min U.S.)

(m/s)

2.682 245 E+01
miles per second (mi/s int'l)

(m/s)

1.609 344 E+03
miles per second (mi/s U.S.)

(m/s)

1.609 347 E+03
millimeters per hour (mm/h)

(m/s)

2.777 780 E-07
millimeters per minute (mm/min)

(m/s)

1.666 670 E-05
millimeters per second (mm/s)

(m/s)

1.000 000 E-03
 
Volume
Volume conversions to liters (L).
From Units

To Unit

Multiply By
acre foot (a-ft)

(L)

1.233 489 E+06
barrel (oil) (bbl)

(L)

1.589 873 E+02
barrel (US liquid) (bbl)

(L)

1.198 280 E+02
board foot (bd-ft)

(L)

2.359 737 E+00
bushel (bsh)

(L)

3.524 000 E+01
centiliter (cl)

(L)

1.000 000 E-02
cubic centimeter (cc)

(L)

1.000 000 E-03
cubic foot (ft³)

(L)

2.832 000 E+01
cubic inch (in³)

(L)

1.638 527 E-02
cubic meter (m³)

(L)

1.000 000 E+03
cubic millimeter (mm³)

(L)

1.000 000 E-06
cubic yard (yd³)

(L)

7.646 000 E+02
cup (c)

(L)

2.365 880 E-01
gallon (UK liquid)

(L)

4.545 596 E+00
gallon (US liquid)

(L)

3.785 000 E+00
gallon (US dry)

(L)

4.404 884 E+00
gill (UK)

(L)

1.420 700 E-01
gill (US)

(L)

1.182 941 E-01
liter (L)

(L)

1.000 000 E+00
microliter (µl)

(L)

1.000 000 E-06
milliter (ml)

(L)

1.000 000 E-03
ounce (UK fluid)

(L)

2.841 306 E-02
ounce (US fluid)

(L)

2.957 303 E-02
peck (UK)

(L)

9.091 901 E+00
peck (US)

(L)

8.809 768 E+00
pint (US liquid)

(L)

4.731 765 E-01
pint (US dry)

(L)

1.101 221 E+00
quart (US liquid)

(L)

9.463 529 E-01
quart (US dry)

(L)

1.101 221 E+00
stere

(L)

1.000 000 E+03
tablespoon (tbs)

(L)

1.478 676 E-02
teaspoon (tsp)

(L)

4.928 922 E-03
ton (register)

(L)

2.831 685 E+03